The Transformer architecture lies at the heart of today’s large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini, revolutionizing how machines understand and generate text. Introduced in the 2017 paper “Attention Is All You Need” by Vaswani et al., this architecture replaced older recurrent models by offering a faster, more context-aware approach to processing…
Imagine you’re reading a long story. Halfway through, you come across the word “she.” To know who “she” is, your brain quickly looks back at earlier sentences: “Oh yes, the girl with the red umbrella!” That ability to look around and find the right connection is exactly what makes transformers…
When you talk to an LLM, you type in words. But computers don’t understand words the way humans do. They only work with numbers. So, how does your sentence, “Good morning, how are you?” turn into something a machine can process? The answer is tokenization. Tokenization is the process of…
Large Language Models, or LLMs, are everywhere these days—chatbots, writing assistants, coding helpers, even customer support. But what exactly is an LLM? Every time you ask ChatGPT a question, you’re using an LLM. But how does it actually work? The easiest way to understand is to start simple. At its…